The Effect of Liquidity Risk and Credit Risk on Profitability with Capital Adequacy Moderation of Commercial Banks on the IDX 2023-2024
Keywords:
Liquidity Risk; Credit Risk; Profitability; Capital Adequacy; BEI Commercial BanksAbstract
This study examines the effect of liquidity risk (LDR) and credit risk (NPL) on profitability (ROA) with capital adequacy ratio (CAR) as a moderating variable in 40 commercial banks listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) for the 2023-2024 period (80 observations). Using a quantitative approach with secondary data from IDX financial reports, the analysis was conducted through multiple linear regression and Moderated Regression Analysis (MRA) in SPSS after the classical assumption test was met (normality p=0.096, VIF<10, DW=1.873). The results show that LDR has no significant effect on ROA (sig=0.886>0.05), while NPL has a significant negative effect (sig=0.000<0.05, ?=-0.333). CAR has no direct effect (sig=0.732>0.05) and fails to moderate the LDR-ROA (sig=0.094>0.05) or NPL-ROA (sig=0.275>0.05) relationships, likely due to high and homogeneous CAR levels across IDX banks (average >14-16%, exceeding OJK minimum), rendering it ineffective as a differentiating buffer. The MRA model explains 80.7% of the variation in ROA (Adjusted R²=0.807), confirming H2 but rejecting H1, H3, and H4. This finding is consistent with Haffizah & Patrisia (2025) and Lestaluhu & Siaila (2023) for LDR and Nguyen (2023) for NPL, filling the literature gap with the latest IDX data emphasizing NPL mitigation priority amidst optimal liquidity and adequate CAR.
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